What refers to differences in health outcomes among socioeconomic groups?

The correct answer is health disparities, which specifically refers to the differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare among various socioeconomic, demographic, or geographic groups. This concept emphasizes how factors such as income, education, and environment can result in unequal health outcomes, meaning that some groups may experience higher rates of disease or mortality, or lower access to health services compared to others.

Recognizing and addressing health disparities is crucial in nursing and public health, as it informs strategies to improve health equity and ensure that all groups receive appropriate care and resources. Health disparities are often influenced by systemic factors, including social determinants of health, which encompass a range of economic and social conditions that affect individual and group differences in health status.

In contrast, other choices focus on different aspects of healthcare. Healthcare quality pertains to the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes. Access to care refers to the ability of individuals to obtain necessary medical services, which may not encompass the broader concept of differing health outcomes across groups. Cultural variability involves the differences in cultural practices and beliefs, which can impact healthcare but do not specifically address outcome disparities among socioeconomic groups.